Quality Management for Firms that Perform Audits or Reviews of Financial Statements or Other Assurance or Related Services Engagements
从事财务报表审计或审查或其他鉴证或相关服务工作的事务所的质量管理
WHAT? | 什么来的？
ISQM 1, Quality Management for Firms that Perform Audits or Reviews of Financial Statements, or Other Assurance or Related Services Engagements, replaces the IAASB’s previous standard, International Standard on Quality Control (ISQC) 1, which addresses firms’ systems of quality control.
Under ISQM 1, firms must design a quality management system to manage the quality of engagements performed by the firm.
ISQM 1 applies to all firms that perform audits or reviews of financial statements or other assurance or related services engagements (i.e., if the firm performs any of these engagements, ISQM 1 applies to manage quality for those engagements).
ISQM 1，即《执行财务报表审计或审核或其他鉴证或相关服务业务的事务所的质量管理》，取代了 IAASB 的前标准，即：《国际质量控制标准》（ISQC）1，该标准涉及事务所的质量控制体系。
根据 ISQM 1，事务所必须设计一个质量管理系统来管理事务所执行的业务的质量。
ISQM 1 适用于所有执行财务报表审计或复核或其他鉴证或相关服务业务的事务所（即，如果事务所执行任何这些业务，ISQM 1 适用于管理这些业务的质量）。
Firms are required to have their system of quality management designed and implemented effective from December 15, 2022从2022年12月15日起，事务所需要设计并实施其质量管理系统。ISQM 1 consists of:
Eight components operate in an iterative and integrated manner; and
Other requirements comprise the roles and responsibilities for the system, leadership’s overall evaluation of the system, network requirements or network services and documentation.
The eight components of quality management are as follows:
Governance and leadership (adapted from “leadership responsibilities for quality within the firm” in ISQC 1).
The firm’s risk assessment process (new).
Relevant ethical requirements.
Acceptance and continuance of client relationships and specific engagements.
Engagement performance.
Resources (adapted from “human resources” in ISQC 1).
Information and communication (new); and
Monitoring and remediation process (adapted from “monitoring” in ISQC 1).
ISQM 1包括以下内容:-
八个组成部分以迭代和整合的方式运作；和
其他要求包括该系统的角色和责任，领导层对该系统的总体评价，网络要求或网络服务和文件。
质量管理系统的八个组成部分如下:-
治理和领导（改编自 ISQC 1 中的 "公司内部质量的领导责任"）；
公司的风险评估过程（新）；
相关的职业道德规范；
接受并继续保持客户关系和具体的业务活动；
业务执行；
资源（改编自 ISQC 1 中的 "人力资源"）；
信息和交流（新）；以及
监测和补救过程（根据 ISQC 1 中的 "监测 "改编）。
HOW? | 如何
MORE ROBUST GOVERNANCE AND LEADERSHIP
ISQM 1 addresses, among other matters:
The firm demonstrates a commitment to quality through its culture, which exists throughout the firm - includes recognizing and reinforcing:
The firm’s role in serving the public interest by consistently performing quality engagements
The importance of quality in the firm’s strategic decisions and actions, including those related to the firm’s financial and operational priorities
The roles, responsibilities and accountability of leadership, leadership’s qualifications, and undertaking performance evaluations of leadership annually
更有力的管理和领导
ISQM 1涉及到，除其他事项外：
事务所通过其文化展示对质量的承诺，这种文化存在于整个事务所，包括承认和加强：
事务所通过持续执行高质量的业务，在服务公众利益方面的作用。
质量在事务所战略决策和行动中的重要性，包括那些与事务所财务和运营优先事项有关的决策和行动
领导层的作用、职责和责任，领导层的资格，以及每年对领导层进行绩效评估
Introducing a Risk-Based Approach focused on achieving the Quality Objectives | 引入风险导向的方法，重点是实现质量目标
Establish quality objectives
ISQM 1 prescribes outcome-based quality objectives in the components – these are comprehensive
The firm establishes additional quality objectives that the firm considers necessary to achieve the objectives of the system of quality management
Identify and assess quality risks
The firm understands the conditions, events, circumstances, actions or inactions that could adversely affect the achievement of the quality objectives
The firm focuses on the nature and circumstances of the firm and the engagements it performs
Design and implement responses
The firm designs and implements responses that address the quality risks
ISQM 1 includes some specified responses – the specified responses are not comprehensive
Identify information that indicates changes are needed
If there are changes in the nature and circumstances of the firm or the engagements, or as a result of information from the firm’s monitoring and remediation process, the firm:
Establishes additional quality objectives or modifies any additional quality objectives
Modifies or adds to the quality of risks and responses
建立质量目标
ISQM 1 在各组成部分中规定了基于结果的质量目标--这些目标是全面的
事务所建立额外的质量目标，事务所认为这是实现质量管理系统的目标所必需的。
识别和评估质量风险
事务所了解可能对质量目标的实现产生不利影响的条件、事件、环境、行动或不行动。
事务所专注于事务所的性质和情况以及它所执行的业务
设计并实施应对措施
事务所设计并实施应对措施，以应对质量风险。
ISQM 1 包括一些特定的反应--这些特定的反应并不全面。
识别表明需要改变的信息
如果事务所或业务的性质和情况发生变化，或由于事务所监测和补救过程中所出现的信息，公司：
制定额外的质量目标，或修改任何额外的质量目标
修改或增加风险和应对措施的质量
Expanded resources | 资源扩展
Three categories of resources are needed to operate the system of quality management and perform engagements: Human | Technological | Intellectual
ISQM 1 explicitly deals with resources from service providers
The firm considers what resources are needed, whether they are appropriate, and how they are used and maintained
运作质量管理系统和执行任务需要三类资源：人力-技术-智力
ISQM 1 明确涉及到来自服务提供者的资源
事务所考虑需要什么资源，这些资源是否合适，以及如何使用和维护这些资源。
Improving information and communication | 改善信息和沟通
ISQM 1 emphasises the continual flow of information within the firm and with engagement teams and drives firms to establish an information system
The firm culture needs to embed the need to exchange information
The firm communicates with external parties when it is appropriate – Including communicating to those charged with governance about the system when the firm performs an audit of financial statements of listed entities
ISQM 1 强调了信息在事务所内部以及与参与团队之间的持续流动，并促使公司建立一个信息系统。
事务所的文化需要嵌入信息交流的需要。
事务所在适当的时候与外部各方进行沟通--包括在事务所对上市实体的财务报表进行审计时，与负责管理的人进行系统沟通。
Proactive monitoring of the system as a whole and timely and effective remediation | 主动监测整个系统并及时有效地进行补救
MONITOR
The firm monitors the system as a whole
The firm tailors the nature, timing and extent of the monitoring activities based on factors described in ISQM 1
Inspection of completed engagements – ISQM 1 has an increased focus on risk-based selection and factoring in other monitoring activities performed by the firm
EVALUATE FINDINGS AND IDENTIFY DEFICIENCIES
ISQM 1 includes a framework for evaluating findings and identifying deficiencies, and evaluating the severity and pervasiveness of the deficiencies
The firm is required to investigate the root cause(s) of deficiencies
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENT RESPONSES
The firm appropriately remediates deficiencies that are responsive to the root cause(s)
Leadership is required to determine that remedial actions are effective
监测
事务所对整个系统进行监控
事务所根据ISQM 1中描述的因素来调整监督活动的性质、时间和范围。
对已完成的业务进行检查 - ISQM 1 更加注重基于风险的选择，并将事务所进行的其他监督活动纳入考虑。
评估结果并确定缺陷
ISQM 1 包括一个评估发现和识别缺陷的框架，并评估缺陷的严重性和普遍性。
事务所需要调查缺陷的根本原因
设计并实施应对措施
事务所对缺陷进行适当的补救，以解决根本原因。
领导层需要确定补救措施是否有效
Evaluating the system of quality management on an annual basis | 每年对质量管理系统进行评估
Leadership evaluates and concludes whether the system of quality management is achieving its objectives
Evaluation is required to be undertaken at least annually
The firm takes further action if the conclusion is unsatisfactory
领导层对质量管理系统是否实现其目标进行评价和总结
要求至少每年进行一次评估
如果结论不令人满意，公司将采取进一步行动
Addressing the use of networks | 解决网络的使用问题
ISQM 1 focuses on reinforcing the firm’s responsibility for its own system of quality management
The firm understands network requirements or network services and the effect on the firm’s system of quality management
The firm understands monitoring activities undertaken by the network across network firms, including those to determine that network requirements have been appropriately implemented across network firms
ISQM 1 的重点是加强事务所对其自身质量管理体系的责任。
事务所了解网络要求或网络服务以及对事务所质量管理系统的影响。
事务所了解网络对各网络事务所之间进行的监测活动，包括确定网络要求以便在各网络事务所都能得到适当实施的监测活动。
How is scalability addressed? | 如何解决可扩展性问题？
Quality objectives are outcome-based – the firm determines how to achieve the quality objectives
Quality risks are tailored to the firm - in identifying and assessing quality risks, the firm focuses on understanding conditions, events, circumstances, actions or inactions that relate to the nature and circumstances of the firm and its engagements
Specified responses are limited and are scalable
The monitoring and remediation process is focused on tailoring to the firm’s circumstances
质量目标是基于结果的--事务所决定如何实现质量目标。
质量风险是为事务所量身定做的--在识别和评估质量风险时，事务所着重于理解与事务所及其业务的性质和情况有关的条件、事件、情况、行动或不行动。
指定的反应是有限的，并且是可扩展的。
监测和补救过程的重点是根据事务所的情况进行调整。
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